Cloprost

Category: Hormone

 Dosage form: Sterile Injectable Solution

 Active Constituent: Cloprostenol (as sodium) 250 mg/ml

 PHARMACOLOGY
Prostaglandins (PGs) are 20- carbon unsaturated fatty acids which consist of a cyclopentane ring with two aliphatic side chains. They are synthesized from free arachidonic acid in most major tissues in the body and serve as local hormone, acting on tissues near their site of synthesis. In the reproductive system PGs play a role in ovulation, luteolysis, gamete transport, uterine motility, expulsion of foetal membranes. PGs are employed in reproductive therapeutics primarily for their potent luteolytic effects. PGF2a causes rapid regression of functional corpora lutea, with resultant rapid decline in progesterone production. Luteolysis is usually followed by ovarian follicular development and a return to oestrus with normal ovulation. In cattle oestrus occurs 2-4 days after luteolysis and in mares 2-5 days after luteolysis. PGF2a also has a direct stimulatory effect on uterine smooth muscle causing contraction, and a relaxant effect on the cervix.

 PHARMACOKINETICS
Cloprostenol is rapidly distributed in the body following intramuscular administration. In cattle maximum tissue levels are reached within 30 minutes of dosing. Cloprostenol is eliminated in approximately equal amounts via the kidney and in bile. Excretion in urine is partly as unchanged cloprostenol and partly as its tetramor acid both in conjugated and unconjugated form. In cattle cloprostenol has a biological half life of 1.6 hours. Within 24 hours the concentration of cloprostenol at the injection site falls blow the limits of detection.

 INDICATIONS
Cows: Cloprostenol induces luteolysis of functional corpora lutea, with return to oestrus in most cows in 2-4 days
This drug can used in the following clinical situations
1. Synchronization of the oestrus cycle for controlled breading.
2. Routine use in the early post partum period to improve reproductive performance.
3. Unobserved oestrus in cow with normal corpora luteal
4. Termination of unwanted normal pregnancies (e.g. following
Mismating)
5. Termination of abnormal pregnancy (e.g. expulsion of mummified
Poetuses. )
6. Induction of parturition.
7. Retained foetal membranes, pyometra or chronic endometritis.
8. Luteal cysts

 MARES: Cloprostenol causes regression of the corpus luteum in mares except during the refractory period spanning the first 4-5 days after treatment.
This drug can be used in the following clinical situation:
1. Unobserved or undetected oestrus (silent heat) in mare which are
Cycling normally.
2. Prolanged diestros
3. Pseudopregnacy.
4. Lactation- related anoestrus.
5. Induction of abortion prior to day 45 (eg.following mismating).

 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Cattle: single or repeat doses of 2 ml (500 mg cloprostenol) by intramuscular injection
Horses: Less than 400 kg bodyweight: 0.5-1ml (125-250 mg cloprostenol) by intramuscular injection
Greater than 400 kg bodyweight: 1-2 ml (250-500 mg cloprostenol) by intramuscular injection

 CONTRAINDICATIONS: Do not use in pregnant animals when abortion or induced parturition is not the objective
Do not administer intravenously
Do not use in mares suffering from acute or subacute disorders of the gastrointestinal or repiratory system

 PRECAUTIONS: Women of child- bearing age, asthmatics or other people with bronchial disease should use extreme caution when handling cloprostenol as the drug may induce abortion or acute bronchoconstriction. Gloves should be worn when administering the drug.
Cloprostenol is readily absorbed through the skin; any cloprostenol contacting skin must be washed off immediately using soap and water.

 ADVERSE EFFECTS: Occasional side effects have been observed following intramuscular administration of PG. Such effects are generally transient and have little detrimental effect on the animal.
In cattles, increased body temperature and salivary secretion have been reported, usually associated with the administration of 5- 10 times the recommended does
In mares, sweating, increased respiratory and heartrates, ataxia, watery diarrhea ad signs of mild abdominal pain have been observed, such reactions have usually resulted from doses in excess of the recommended, and are generally mild and transient

WITHHOLDING PERIOD
Meat: 1 day
Milk: 4 hrs

Storage: Store below 25 ^Oc (Air conditioning). Protect from light. Do not freeze

 PRESENTATION: 20ml vial