Ketoject

Dosage Form: Sterile injectable solution

 Category: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic

 Active constituent: ketoprofen 100 mg/ml

Mechanism of Actions: ketoprofen is a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the propionic acid class. Ketoprofen inhibits the cyclooxygenase pathway of the arachidonic acid cascade. Cyclooxygenase is the major enzyme involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to vasoactive prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxane. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effect, of ketoprofen are thus attributable to its inhibition of cyclooxygenase.

 Pharmacokinetics: Ketoprofen may be administered by intramuscular or intravenous injection. It is readily and rapidly absorbed following intramuscular administration. Ketoprofen is estimated to be 99% bound to plasma albumen in the horse. It is widely distributed in tissues and substantial concentrations may be reached in synovial fluid. Ketoprofen is metabolized by conjugation with glucoronic acid and the glucoronic ester is excreted in the urine. Ketoprofen has a half – life of one hour in the horse, and repeated administration does not result in drug accumulation in animals with normal renal and hepatic function. In cattle minimal ketoprofen passes into the mammary gland so there is no with holding period for milk.

Safety: Toxicity studies have demonstrated ketoprofen to have a wider margin of safety than both phenylbutazone and Flunixin meglumine in the horse. No evidence of toxic effects were observed in clinical studies where ketoprofen was administered at up to five times the recommended dose rate of 2.2 mg/ kg for three times the recommended treatment period of five days

 CLINICAL APPLICATTON
Ketoprofen is a potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic NSAID. It may be safely administered by intravenous or intramuscular injection with equivalent clinical effect being achieved by either route

 Horses: This drug is effective in the therapy of noninfectious inflammatory conditions of the musculoskeletal system, including traumatic arthritis- synovitis, tendonitis- desmitis, osteochondritis dissecans, osselets, laminites, soft-tissue swelling, and post surgerical inflammation and swelling. This drug is also suitable for the treatment of ocular inflammatory condition such as uveitis, keratitis and traumatic corneal ulceration
Ketoprofen is effective for the alleviation of visceral pain in equine colic of various etiologies
Cattle: This drug is effective in the therapy of noninfectious inflammatory conditions of the musculoskeletal system and may be useful adjunct to specific treatment in the therapy of respiratory conditions, acute mastitis, mammary edema and colic.

 DIRECTIONS FOR USE
Horses: 2.2 mg/kg (10 ml per 450 kg) bodyweight by intramuscular or slow intravenous injection, once daily for up to 5 days
Cattle: 3 mg/ kg (3ml per 100 kg) bodyweight by slow intravenous or intramuscular injection, once daily for 1-3 days. Intramuscular injection to be given in the anterior half of the neck

 WITHHOLDING  PERIODS
Meat: 28 days
Milk: 7 days

 Pharmaceutical precautions: Store below 30^oC, protected from light. Do not freeze

 Package quantities: vial 100ml