Lignalin

Drug Category: Anesthetic agent

Drug Form: sterile injectable solution.

Composition: Each ml contains 20 mg of lidocaine hydrochloride.

Mechanism of Actions:

Local anesthetics are generally water-soluble acid salts. When these salts are injected into tissues that nonnally are slightly alkaline. The acid salt fonn of the local anesthetic is neutralized. This releases the free amine or alkaloidal base through hydrolysis, which is necessmy before the drug can penetrate the lipid barrier of the cell membrane to induce anesthesia. Local anesthetics decrease cell membrane penneability. The amino groups the classic local anesthetic drugs interact with the polar groups of the cell membrane to decrease membrane penneability of the nerve cell and stabilize the membrane forces. As a result, diffusion of potassium and sodium ions cannot occur, and changes that give rise to the nerve impulses are blocked.

Pharmacokinetics:

Lidocaine is metabolized primarily in the liver. Two metabolites have been identified in the dog from hepatic N-diethylation of lidocaine. A large amount of lidocaine is conjugated with sulfate and excreted in this fonn.

Indications:

Lidocaine is used for causing local and regional anesthetics that the most used is anesthesia for surge1y. Local anesthetics are used to relieve pain, itching and inflammation, mild skin disorders such as Partial cuts, bums, scratches, stings or insect bites.

Dosage & Administration Routs:

Cow: Low epidural analgesia: 0.5-1 ml per 50 kg bodyweight. High epidural analgesia: l ml per 5 kg bodyweight. Sheep: Epidural anesthesia: 8-12 ml

Dogs and cats: Epidural analgesia: 1ml per 5.4 kg bodyweight.

Adverse and Common Side Effects:

The side effects of local anesthetic drugs depend on their dosage and may be due to high plasma concentrations of the drug due to its entry into the vessels, consumption of excessive amounts, rapid absorption from the injection site and reduced patient tolerance, individual incompatibility or excessive sensitivity or specific features. However, systemic reactions may occur rapidly. Symptoms of excessive systemic absorption of this drug include blurred vision or diplopia, drowsiness, vertigo, convulsion, tremor, anxiety and restlessness caused by instigation of the central nervous system. However, in some cases due to the weakening of the central nervous system, sleepiness occurs also, an unusual hypotension, increase sweating and anhythmia are ve1y rare side effects of local anesthetics.

Contra Indication:

The intravenous drug should be avoided. The injection of this drug in the body's end tissues like fingers, breasts and penis should be prevented because there is a possibility of ischemia and gangrene incidence.

withdrawal time: Meat: 24 to 36 hours after last injection.

                Milk: 24 to 36 hours after last injection.

Pharmaceutical Precautions:

Store below 30°C, protected from light. Do not freeze.

Packaging: 20,50 and 100 ml glass vial